Jumat, 25 Maret 2016

Pronouns


What is a Pronoun?

In grammar, a pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that may be substituted for a noun or noun phrase, which once replaced, is known as the pronoun’s antecedent. How is this possible? In a nutshell, it’s because pronouns can do everything that nouns can do. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, and more.
Without pronouns, we’d have to keep on repeating nouns, and that would make our speech and writing repetitive, not to mention cumbersome. Most pronouns are very short words. Examples include:
·         He
·         She
·         They
·         It
·         We
·         Who
As mentioned, pronouns are usually used to replace nouns, however they can also stand in for certainadverbs, adjectives, and other pronouns. Anytime you want to talk about a person, animal, place or thing, you can use pronouns to make your speech or writing flow better.

Types of Pronouns

Pronouns can be divided into numerous categories including:
·         Indefinite pronouns – those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places

Examples of Indefinite Pronouns

1.      We are going on vacation.
2.      Don’t tell me that you can’t go with us.
3.      Anybody who says it won’t be fun has no clue what they are talking about.
4.      These are terribly steep stairs.
5.      We ran into each other at the mall.
·         Personal pronouns – those associated with a certain person, thing, or group; all except you have distinct forms that indicate singular or plural number
Examples of Personal Pronouns
1.      You need to stop lying to me.
2.      We would love for you to join us.
3.      Come look at my cat! He has climbed to the top of that tree.
·         Reflexive pronouns – those preceded by the adverb, adjective, pronoun, or noun to which they refer, and ending in –self or –selves
Examples of Reflexive Pronouns
1.      I was in a hurry, so I washed the car myself.
2.      You’re going to have to drive yourself to school today.
3.      He wanted to impress her, so he baked a cake himself.
4.      Jennifer does chores herself because she doesn’t trust others to do them right.
5.      That car is in a class all by itself.
·         Demonstrative pronouns – those used to point to something specific within a sentence
Examples of Demonstrative Pronouns
1.      This was my mother’s ring.
2.      That looks like the car I used to drive.
3.      These are nice shoes, but they look uncomfortable.
4.      Those look like riper than the apples on my tree.
5.      Such was her command over the English language.
·         Possessive pronouns – those designating possession or ownership
Examples of Possessive pronouns
1.       This is my cat, not your cat. (Sounds repetitive)
2.      This cat is mine, not yours.
3.      I didn’t have my book so Jenny lent me her book. (Sounds repetitive)
4.      I didn’t have my book, so Jenny lent me hers.
5.      Your car is a lot faster than my car. (Sounds repetitive)
Relative pronouns – those which refer to nouns mentioned previously, acting to introduce an adjective (relative) clause
Examples of Relative Pronouns
1.      The cyclist who won the race trained hard.
2.      The pants that I bought yesterday are already stained.
3.      The four team leaders, whomever the committee selects, will be at tomorrow’s meeting.
4.      Spaghetti, which we eat at least twice a week, is one of my family’s favorite meals.
5.      Where did you buy the dress what you wore last week?
·         Interrogative pronouns – those which introduce a question
Example of Interrogative Pronouns
1.      What do you want for your birthday?
2.      Which shirt do you think looks better on me?
3.      Who do you think will win the playoff game?
4.      To whom are you speaking?
5.      Whose socks are those?
·         Reciprocal pronouns – those expressing mutual actions or relationship; i.e. one another
Examples of Reciprocal Pronouns
1.      Maria and Juan gave each other gold rings on their wedding day.
2.      Maria and Juan kissed each other at the end of the ceremony.
3.      Terry and Jack were talking to each other in the hallway.
4.      We give each other gifts during the holidays.
5.      The students congratulated one another after giving practice speeches.
·         Intensive pronouns – those ending in –self or –selves and that serve to emphasize their antecedents
Examples of Intensive Pronouns
1.      Jesse wondered aloud whether he himself was the only one seeing what was happening.
2.      Maria knew that she herself could make a positive impact on the world, if only she put her mind to it.
3.      You yourself can easily transform your body: All it takes is a proper diet and plenty of exercise.
4.      The team knew that they themselves were responsible for playing their best.
5.      We ourselves are the ones who make the greatest impact upon the world we live in.
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