Reported Speech

Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tidak Langsung) adalah kalimat yang mengatakan, melaporkan kembali ucapan seseorang tanpa mengubah maksud apa yang dikatakan si pembicara.
Reported Speech (Kalimat yang di laporkan) adalah kalimat yang melaporkan kembali ucapaan seseorang tanpa mengubah maksud yang di katakan si pembicara, reported speech bisa di katakan sebagai nama lain dari indirect speech.

.:. For Example Indirect Speech/Reported Speech
Indirect Speech/Reported Speech  Sentence
.: Tono said that Tina had bought a new car
.: Joko said that her parents were very well
.: Doni said that she was going to give up smoking
.: Samuel said that she couldn’t come to the party on Saturday
Dari contoh di atas dapat disimpulkan perubahan untuk bentuk waktu dari Reported speech/Indirect Speech sebagai berikut :
Indirect Speech/Reported speech
.: Simple present Menjadi Simple past
.: Present continuous Menjadi Past continuous
.: Present perfect Menjadi Past perfect
.: Present perfect continuous Menjadi Past perfect continuous
.: Simple past Menjadi Past perfect
.: Past continuous Menjadi Past perfect continuous
.: Future Menjadi Past
.: Present Menjadi Past
Di dalam Reported Speech/Indirect Speech, terdapat perubahan-perubahan kedalam bentuk lampau (the past)
Misalnya:
.: Am/ is menjadi was
.: Are menjadi was/were
.: Have/has menjadi had
.: Have to menjadi had to
.: Has to menjadi had to
.: Shall menjadi should
.: Will menjadi would
.: Can menjadi could
.: May menjadi might
.: Walk menjadi walked
.: Wear menjadi wore

sumber :
https://mulyonoprabowo.wordpress.com/2011/03/13/indirect-speech-direct-speech-reported-speech/

Elliptical Sentence

Ellipsis means leaving something out. Elliptical sentence is a shorter form of sentence which some words have been omitted, but it retains the same meaning. It is used so that we can avoid unnecessary repeated words.

It is noticeable that elliptical sentences are used quite common in some contexts as:

[1] In normal conversation

  •  A: Where are you going?  B: To school. (= I am going to school.)
  •  A: Ready? (= Are you ready?) B: Yes, I am. (= Yes, I am ready.)

[2] In comparison

  •  Phalla is taller than Phearom.
     (= Phalla is taller than Phearom is tall.)
  •  The ads attracted younger than older people.
     (= The ads attracted younger than  it attracted  older people.)

[3] In sentences joined by coordinating conjunctions

  •  I have washed and ironed my clothes.
     (= I have washed my clothes, and I have ironed my clothes.)
  •  Bora likes football, Phalla volleyball, and Sopheak basketball.
     (= Bora likes football, Phalla likes volleyball, and Sopheak likes basketball.)
  •  Kolab has five dollars, and Sopheak three.
     (= Kolab has five dollars, and Sopheak  has  three dollars.)

[4] In some dependent clauses

  •  If you clean the house today, i will tomorrow.
     (= If you clean the house today, i will clean the house tomorrow.)
  •  I will go to the party if you will.
     (= I will go to the party if you will go to the party.)

[5] In reduced clauses

  •  The song sung by Preap Sovath was so popular.
     (= The song which was sung by Preap Sovath was so popular. )
  •  The man selling the shoes is my friend.
     (= The man who is selling the shoes is my friend.)
  •  The police has found the car stolen yesterday.
     (= The police has found the car which was stolen yesterday.)
  •  When studying, he tried hard.
     (= When he was studying, he tried hard. )
  •  I visited the Bayon Temple after coming back from Battambang.
     (= I visited the Bayon Temple after I came back from Battambang. )
  •  Though a bit nervous, she presented the products to the doctor very well.
     (= Though she was a bit nervous, she presented the products to the doctor very well. )

[6] When used with "SO, TOO, EITHER, NEITHER"

  •  My sister is tall, and so do my brothers.
     (= My sister is tall, and my brothers are tall, too.)
  •  A : I was very sleepy last night.  B : So am I.
     (= A : I was very sleepy last night.  B : I am hungry, too.)
  •  My mom likes mangoes and my brother does too.
     (= My mom likes mangoes, and my brother likes mangoes, too.)
  •  He didn't say anything, and I didn't either.
     (= He didn't say anything, and I didn't say anything, too.)
  •  Her father likes to travel, and she does either.
     (= Her father likes to travel, and she likes to travel, too.)
  •  He didn't study hard, and neither did I.
     (= He didn't study hard, and I didn't study hard, too.)
  •  She doesn't review the lessons, and neither her friend.
     (= She doesn't review the lessons, and her friend didn't review the lessons, too.)

source :

http://grammarkit.blogspot.com/2012/12/elliptical-sentence.html

Telling Aobut My Plans

My future plans

At first as a child I desperately wanted to be a pilot, I think the pilot was cool.

as time goes by my ideals change from being a physician, lecturer, to entrepreneurs.

up at my age now is 21 years old, my future plans sometimes still like to change.

Honestly from the deep of my heart, I really wanted to be a successful man entrepreneur in the future by relying on the economics of management that I get from college. I want to become an entrepreneur in the field of food. I wanted to have a restaurant with a menu of typical food East Java Indonesia which according to the birthplace of my parents. with the concept of the traditional restaurant, comfortable, clean, and his prices affordable to all people.

But before I opened the restaurant business I want to experience working in a company beforehand. all to raise capital to open a restaurant.

I think it's all my future plans

Conditional

Conditional Sentence

Conditional Sentence is a combination of two words where one of them is a requirement sentence and the sentence is a result of the requirement sentence. In the Conditional Sentence is divided into three types, namely type 1, type 2 and type 3. Here is the explanation:

1.      Conditional Sentence Type 1

Conditional Sentence Type 1 can be used to make a conditional sentence that still allows one to achieve as a new condition will occur in the future.

Conditional Sentence Formula Type 1

If + Subject + Verb 1, Subject + Will + Infinitive

Or

Subject + wil + Infinitive, If + Subject + Verb 1

Example :

a. She will arrive here on time if she drive her car by herself.

b. If you don’t come to my birthday party, I will send you an SMS.

c. If you come late again, Mr. Professor will be very angry.

2.   Conditional Sentence Type 2

Conditional Sentence Type 2 can be used to indicate a possibility of fulfillment of the conditional sentence would be difficult at the present time (present tense) or in the future (future tense).

Conditional Sentence Formula Type 2

If + Subject + Would + Infinitive, Subject + Verb 2

Or

Subject + Verb 2, If + Subject + Would + Infinitive

Example :

a. If I were you, I would not let here go.

b. You would not be here, If she did not help you.

c. We would not win the game, if we didn’t work together as a team.

3.   Conditional Sentence Type 3

Conditional Sentence Type 3 is used to indicate a conditional sentence that can not be me because his time has past since it is too late or can not be played back.

Conditional Sentence Formula Type 3

If + Subject + Would + Have + Verb3, Subject + Had + Verb 3

Or

Subject + Had + Verb 3, If + Subject + Would + Have + Verb 3

Example :

a. If I had known that you were in hospital, I would have visited you.

b. If She had been able to finish her job well, she would have been promoted as a director.

c. If John had driven his car carefully, we would not have got an accident.

http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-fungsi-rumus-conditional-sentence-type-1-dan-contoh-kalimat/

http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-fungsi-rumus-conditional-sentence-type-2-dan-contoh-kalimat/

http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-fungsi-rumus-conditional-sentence-type-3-dan-contoh-kalimat/

Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Countable and Uncountable Nouns
In English grammar, countable nouns are individual people, animals, places, things, or ideas which can be counted. Uncountable nouns are not individual objects, so they cannot be counted. Here, we’ll take a look at countable and uncountable nouns and provide both countable noun examples and uncountable noun examples. Although the concept may seem challenging, you’ll soon discover that these two differentnoun types are very easy to use.

Countable Noun Examples
Anything that can be counted, whether singular – a dog, a house, a friend, etc. or plural – a few books, lots of oranges, etc. is a countable noun. The following countable noun examples will help you to see the difference between countable and uncountable nouns. Notice that singular verbs are used with singular countable nouns, while plural verbs are used with plural countable nouns.
1. There are at least twenty Italian restaurants in Little Italy.
2. Megan took a lot of photographs when she went to the Grand Canyon.
3. Your book is on the kitchen table.
4. How many candles are on that birthday cake?
5. You have several paintings to study in art appreciation class.
6. There’s a big brown dog running around theneighborhood.

Uncountable Noun Examples
Anything that cannot be counted is an uncountable noun. Even though uncountable nouns are not individual objects, they are always singular and one must always use singular verbs in conjunction with uncountable nouns. The following uncountable noun examples will help you to gain even more understanding of how countable and uncountable nouns differ from one another. Notice that singular verbs are always used with uncountable nouns.
1. There is no more water in the pond.
2. Please help yourself to some cheese.
3. I need to find information about Pulitzer Prize winners.
4. You seem to have a high level of intelligence.
5. Please take good care of your equipment.
6. Let’s get rid of the garbage.
Uncountable nouns can be paired with words expressing plural concept. Using these words can make your writing more specific. Here are some examples of how to format interesting sentences with uncountable nouns.
• Garbage – There are nine bags of garbage on the curb.
• Water – Try to drink at least eight glasses of water each day.
• Advice – She gave me a useful piece of advice.
• Bread – Please buy a loaf of bread.
• Furniture – A couch is a piece of furniture.
• Equipment – A backhoe is an expensive piece of equipment.
• Cheese – Please bag ten slices of cheese for me.


Source :
http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/nouns/countable-uncountable-nouns/

Tell About My Experience

Hello, My name is Rickyvirgi, I’am studying in Gunadarma University. In this moment I want to tell you all about my experience in Softskill class. In Gunadarma University there is a subject name softskill. English 2# is my softskill subject. In this class our class have a lecture name Ms. Meriska Yosiana. I have learned many things in this class from her. I Leaarned about teamwork in News Anchor project, I developed my skill in writing some writing project. Softskill class only available once a month, But we always must do some homework. In softskill class we can explore our creativity to writing task and creativity writing in Blog. Ms Meriska is our lecture and she is very kind and very polite. She always use well dresses and polite. So far I’m very enjoy studied with Ms Meriska. In my second softskill class from grade 1 ago, Ms Meriska always check our project very good. She always check up our project. She teached us to be a disiplined people, I like her method. Overall my experince is very good. I think I don’t have critism for her. I think there is my experince I can tell it. I and My Class want to apologize to Ms Meriska, if our class also very noise and some of us didn’t do your task and homework. I am Jeffry and my Class 1EA20 want thanks to you to teach our class very patient, because our class sometimes very noise and difficult to disiplined.

For Ms. Meriska, I and my class want Thank You for the awesome semester in this year. 
Thanks You J

Pronouns

What is a Pronoun?

In grammar, a pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that may be substituted for a noun or noun phrase, which once replaced, is known as the pronoun’s antecedent. How is this possible? In a nutshell, it’s because pronouns can do everything that nouns can do. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, and more.

Without pronouns, we’d have to keep on repeating nouns, and that would make our speech and writing repetitive, not to mention cumbersome. Most pronouns are very short words. Examples include:

·         He

·         She

·         They

·         It

·         We

·         Who

As mentioned, pronouns are usually used to replace nouns, however they can also stand in for certainadverbs, adjectives, and other pronouns. Anytime you want to talk about a person, animal, place or thing, you can use pronouns to make your speech or writing flow better.

Types of Pronouns

Pronouns can be divided into numerous categories including:

·         Indefinite pronouns – those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places

Examples of Indefinite Pronouns

1.      We are going on vacation.

2.      Don’t tell me that you can’t go with us.

3.      Anybody who says it won’t be fun has no clue what they are talking about.

4.      These are terribly steep stairs.

5.      We ran into each other at the mall.

·         Personal pronouns – those associated with a certain person, thing, or group; all except you have distinct forms that indicate singular or plural number

Examples of Personal Pronouns

1.      You need to stop lying to me.

2.      We would love for you to join us.

3.      Come look at my cat! He has climbed to the top of that tree.

·         Reflexive pronouns – those preceded by the adverb, adjective, pronoun, or noun to which they refer, and ending in –self or –selves

Examples of Reflexive Pronouns

1.      I was in a hurry, so I washed the car myself.

2.      You’re going to have to drive yourself to school today.

3.      He wanted to impress her, so he baked a cake himself.

4.      Jennifer does chores herself because she doesn’t trust others to do them right.

5.      That car is in a class all by itself.

·         Demonstrative pronouns – those used to point to something specific within a sentence

Examples of Demonstrative Pronouns

1.      This was my mother’s ring.

2.      That looks like the car I used to drive.

3.      These are nice shoes, but they look uncomfortable.

4.      Those look like riper than the apples on my tree.

5.      Such was her command over the English language.

·         Possessive pronouns – those designating possession or ownership

Examples of Possessive pronouns

1.       This is my cat, not your cat. (Sounds repetitive)

2.      This cat is mine, not yours.

3.      I didn’t have my book so Jenny lent me her book. (Sounds repetitive)

4.      I didn’t have my book, so Jenny lent me hers.

5.      Your car is a lot faster than my car. (Sounds repetitive)

Relative pronouns – those which refer to nouns mentioned previously, acting to introduce an adjective (relative) clause

Examples of Relative Pronouns

1.      The cyclist who won the race trained hard.

2.      The pants that I bought yesterday are already stained.

3.      The four team leaders, whomever the committee selects, will be at tomorrow’s meeting.

4.      Spaghetti, which we eat at least twice a week, is one of my family’s favorite meals.

5.      Where did you buy the dress what you wore last week?

·         Interrogative pronouns – those which introduce a question

Example of Interrogative Pronouns

1.      What do you want for your birthday?

2.      Which shirt do you think looks better on me?

3.      Who do you think will win the playoff game?

4.      To whom are you speaking?

5.      Whose socks are those?

·         Reciprocal pronouns – those expressing mutual actions or relationship; i.e. one another

Examples of Reciprocal Pronouns

1.      Maria and Juan gave each other gold rings on their wedding day.

2.      Maria and Juan kissed each other at the end of the ceremony.

3.      Terry and Jack were talking to each other in the hallway.

4.      We give each other gifts during the holidays.

5.      The students congratulated one another after giving practice speeches.

·         Intensive pronouns – those ending in –self or –selves and that serve to emphasize their antecedents

Examples of Intensive Pronouns

1.      Jesse wondered aloud whether he himself was the only one seeing what was happening.

2.      Maria knew that she herself could make a positive impact on the world, if only she put her mind to it.

3.      You yourself can easily transform your body: All it takes is a proper diet and plenty of exercise.

4.      The team knew that they themselves were responsible for playing their best.

5.      We ourselves are the ones who make the greatest impact upon the world we live in.

Sumber : 

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/pronouns-2/

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-indefinite-pronouns.html

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/personal-pronouns/

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/reflexive-pronouns/

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/demonstrative-pronouns/

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-possessive-pronouns.html

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/relative-pronouns/

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/interrogative-pronouns/

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/reciprocal-pronouns/

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/intensive-pronouns/